In research published by the NIH, scientists found that Tβ4 could influence re-epithelialization (recovering of the tissue surface), angiogenesis (new capillary growth) and deposition of collagen (fibrous protein constituent of skin and connective tissue), all important characteristics of wound healing. The researchers compared a placebo to both the topical and systemic administration of Tβ4 as shown in the images below. They found that the results were similar, whether Tβ4 was administered topically or systemically, and that it significantly accelerated the healing of wounds compared to placebo.

Tβ4 Decreases Wound Size by Influencing Cell Migration and Angiogenesis
	Control:	Tβ4 Treatment (topical administration):	Tβ4 Treatment (systemic administration):
The control wound remains significantly deeper, has no evidence of angiogenesis, and has less collagen deposition compared to the Tβ4-treated wounds. Additionally, the control wound contains more inflammatory cells compared to the Tβ4-treated wounds (see darkened area at perimeter of wound bed in control slide) Courtesy National Institutes of Health