Neurological functional recovery after thymosin beta4 treatment in mice with experimental auto encephalomyelitis.
Zhang J, Zhang ZG, Morris D, Li Y, Roberts C, Elias SB, Chopp M.
Neuroscience. 2009 Dec 29;164(4):1887-93. Epub 2009 Sep 25.PMID: 19782721 [Epub ahead of print]
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 induces epicardium-derived neovascularization in the adult heart.
Riley PR, Smart N.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Dec;37(Pt 6):1218-20.PMID: 19909250 [Epub ahead of print]
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Reversal of second-hand cigarette smoke-induced impairment of corneal wound healing by thymosin beta4 combined with anti-inflammatory agents.
Yuan H, Ma C, Moinet L, Sato N, Martins-Green M.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 May;51(5):2424-35. Epub 2009 Dec 17.PMID: 20019366 [Epub ahead of print]
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Serum thymosin beta4 levels in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure.
Han T, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhu ZY, Li Y, Xiao SX, Guo Z, Zhao ZG.
World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Feb 7;16(5):625-30.PMID: 20128033 [Epub ahead of print]
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Biological activities of thymosin {beta}4 defined by active sites in short peptide sequences.
Sosne G, Qiu P, Goldstein AL, Wheater M.
FASEB J. 2010 Feb 23. [Epub ahead of print]
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HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of oral human fluids reveals that gingival crevicular fluid is the main source of oral thymosins beta(4) and beta(10).
Inzitari R, Cabras T, Pisano E, Fanali C, Manconi B, Scarano E, Fiorita A, Paludetti G, Manni A, Nemolato S, Faa G, Castagnola M, Messana I.
J Sep Sci. 2009;32(1):57-63.
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Thymosin beta4 is cytoprotective in human gingival fibroblasts.
Reti R, Kwon E, Qiu P, Wheater M, Sosne G.
Eur J Oral Sci. 2008 Oct;116(5):424-30.
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Expression of laminin 5 in rat skin wounds regulated by recombinant thymosin beta-4.
Li Y, Wang G, Yu H, Yang X, Xu S, Nie L, Che Y.
2008 Nov;22(11):1306-10. Chinese.
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Thymosin beta-4 is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and stimulates proinflammatory cytokine secretion and JNK activation.
Yuqing Zhang, Louis W. Feurino, Qihui Zhai, Hao Wang, William E. Fisher, Changyi Chen, Qizhi Yao, and Min Li
Cancer Biology & Therapy 7:3, 1-5; March 2008.
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The Promotive Effects of Thymosin β4 on Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth by Upregulating L1 Expression.
Yang H, Cheng X, Yao Q, Li J, Ju G.
Neurochem Res. 2008 Nov;33(11):2269-80.
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Thymosin β4 and AC-SDKP: Tools to mend a broken heart.
Rossdeutsch A, Smart N, Riley PR
J Mol Med 2008 86:29-35.
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Thymosin beta-4 is cytoprotective in human gingival fibroblasts.
Robert Reti, Edwin Kwon, Pin Qiu, Michelle Wheater, Gabriel Sosne
Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116: 424–430.
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Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1a stabilization by actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) in Hela cervical tumor cells.
Oh JM, Ryoo IJ, Yang Y, Kim HS, Yang KH, Moon EY
Cancer Lett. 2008 Jun 8;264(1):29-35.
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Thymosin beta-4 is involved in stabilin-2-mediated apoptotic cell engulfment.
Lee SJ, So IS, Park SY, Kim IS.
FEBS Lett. 2008 Jun 25;582(15):2161-6.
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Thymosin beta-4 up-regulates anti-oxidative enzymes and protects human cornea epithelial cells against oxidative damage.
Jennifer Ho, Kuang-Ching Tseng, Wei-Hsien Ma, Ko-Hua Chen, Oscar Lee and Yeu Su
Br. J. Ophthalmol.2008 Jul;92(7):992-7.
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Thymosin β4 Is an Essential Paracrine Factor of Embryonic Endothelial Progenitor Cell–Mediated Cardioprotection.
Hinkel R, El-Aouni C, Olson T, Horstkotte J, Mayer S, Müller S, Willhauck M, Spitzweg C, Gildehaus FJ, Münzing W, Hannappel E, Bock-Marquette I, DiMaio JM, Hatzopoulos AK, Boekstegers P, Kupatt C.
Circulation. 2008;117:2232-2240.
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Ku80 as a Novel Receptor for Thymosin β4 That Mediates Its Intracellular Activity Different from G-actin Sequestering.
Radoslaw Bednarek, Joanna Boncela, Katarzyna Smolarczyk, Aleksandra Cierniewska-Cieslak, Elzbieta Wyroba, and Czeslaw S. Cierniewski
JBC 2008 Vol 283, No. 3, pp. 1534–1544.
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Widely Distributed Residues in Thymosin β4 Are Critical for Actin Binding.
Joshua K. Au, Adrian O. Olivares, Arnon Henn, Wenxiang Cao, Daniel Safer, and Enrique M. De La Cruz
Biochemistry 2008 Vol 47, pp. 4181-4188.
Link to Abstract

The Promotive Effects of Thymosin β4 on Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth by Upregulating L1 Expression.
Yang H, Cheng X, Yao Q, Li J, Ju G.
Neurochem Research, May 7, 2008.
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Thymosin β4 is an essential paracrine factor of embryonic endothelial progenitor cell-mediated cardioprotection.
Hinkel R, El-Aouni C, Olson T, Horstkotte J, Mayer S, Müller S, Willhauck M, Spitzweg C, Gildehaus FJ, Münzing W, Hannappel E, Bock-Marquette I, DiMaio JM, Hatzopoulos AK, Boekstegers P, Kupatt C.
Circulation. 2008 Apr 29;117(17):2232-40. Epub 2008 Apr 21.
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Abstract 698: Cardioprotective potential of TB4 after ischemia/reperfusion in preclinical pig model.
Hinkel P et. al.
AHA, George E Brown Memorial Lecture, (2007)

Neuroprotective effects of thymosin beta 4 in experimental models of excitotoxicity.
Popoli P et. al.
Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1112, 219-224. (2007)
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 induces adult epicardial progenitor mobilization and neovascularization.
Smart N et. al.
Nature 445, 177-182. (2007)
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Proteinase and Growth Factor Alterations Revealed by Gene Microarray Analysis of Human Diabetic Corneas
Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh, ^{1, 2} Andrei A. Kramerov, ¹ Jian Tajbakhsh, ² Annette M. Aoki, ¹ Charles Wang, ^2,3 Ning-Ning Chai, ³ Julia Y. Ljubimova, ⁴ Takako Sasaki, ⁵ Gabriel Sosne,⁶ Marc R. J. Carlson,² Stanley F. Nelson,² and Alexander V. Ljubimov^1,2
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Oct; 46(10):3604-15
¹Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, ³Research Institute Microarray Core, and ⁴Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; ²David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; ⁵Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany; and ⁶Departments of Ophthalmology, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues
Allan L. Goldstein,¹ Ewald Hannappe^l,2, and Hynda K. Kleinman³
Trends Mol Med. 2005 Sep; 11(9):421-9
¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I. Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
²Universitat Erlangen, Inst. f. Biochemie, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
³Cell Biology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bldg. 30, Room 433, 30 Convent Drive, MSC-4370, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 Modulates Corneal Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels and Polymorphonuclear Cell Infiltration after Alkali Injury
Gabriel Sosne,^{1, 2} Patricia L. Christopherson,¹ Ronald P. Barret,² and Rafael Fridman³
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Jul; 46(7):2388-95
¹Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute,Detroit, Michigan; and the Departments of ²Anatomy and Cell Biology and ³Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
Link to Abstract

Phylogenetic analysis and developmental expression of thymosin-β4 gene in amphioxus.
Huang X¹, Zhang W¹, Zhang H¹
Dev Genes Evol. 2005 Jul; 215(7):364-8. Epub 2005 Mar 24.
(1) Department of Biology, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair.
Bock-Marquette I, Saxena A, White MD, DiMaio JM, Srivastava D.
NATURE. 2004 NOV 25;432(7016):466-72.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta 4 stimulates laminin-5 production independent of TGF-beta
Gabriel Sosne,^a,b, Lihua Xu,^a Lisa Prach,^a Linda K. Mrock,^a Hynda K. Kleinman,^c John J. Letterio,^d Linda D. Hazlett,^a and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater^a
Experimental Cell Research 293 (2004),178-183
^aDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
^bDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
^cNIDCR/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
^dNCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Link to Abstract

Factor XIIIa incorporates Thymosin β4 Preferentially into the Fibrin(ogen) αC-Domains†
Evgeny Makogonenko,^‡ Allan L. Goldstein,^§ Paul D. Bishop,^װ and Leonid Medved^{*,‡, §}
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2004 Vol. 43, Issue 33, pages 10748-10756
Biochemistry Department, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Services, Washington, D.C. and ZymoGenetics, Inc. Seattle, Washington
Link to Abstract

Thymosin-β4 Inhibits Corneal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis after Ethanol Exposure In Vitro
Gabriel Sosne,^1,2 Atif Siddiqi,¹ and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater¹
INVST OPTHALMOL VIS SCI, 2004;45:1095-1100
¹Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
²Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice
Deborah Philp, PhD, Mahnaz Badamchian, PhD, Brooke Schermeta, Mychi Nguyen, Allan L. Goldstein, PhD., Hynda K. Kleinman, PhD.
WOUND REP REG, 2003;19-24
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Thymosin β4 Promotes Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Migration
Gabriel Sosne^1,2 , Saif Hafeez², Albert L. Greenberry², and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater²
Curr Eye Res. 2002 Apr;24(4):268-73.
¹ Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
² Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI USA 2002
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 is released from human blood platelets and attached by factor XIIIa (transglutaminase) to fibrin and collagen
Thomas Huff, Angela M. Otto, Christian S.G. Müller, Markus Meier, and Ewald Hannapel
FASEB J. 16, 691-696 (2002)
¹Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Thymosin Beta 4 Promotes Corneal Wound Healing and Decreases Inflammation in Vivo Following Alkali Injury
Gabriel Sosne^a, Elizabeth A. Szliter^b, Ronald Barrett^b, Karen A. Kernacki^b, Hynda Kleinman^c, Linda D. Hazlett^b
Exp Eye Res. 2002 Feb;74(2):293-9.
^aEye Care Services Department, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, U.S.A.
^bDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, U.S.A.
^cLaboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A.
Link to Abstract

β-Thymosins, small acetic peptides with multiple functions
Thomas Huff et al.
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 33, 205-220. (2001)
Link to Abstract

Thymosin Beta 4 Promotes Corneal Wound Healing and Modulates Inflammatory Mediators in vivo
Sosne G, Chan CC, Thai K, Kennedy M, Szliter EA, Hazlett LD, Kleinman HK
Exp Eye Res. 2001 May;72(5):605-8.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin Beta(4) Serves as a Glutaminyl Substrate of Transglutaminase. Labeling with Fluorescent Dansylcadaverine Does Not Abolish Interaction with G-actin.
Huff T; Ballweber E; Humeny A; Bonk T; Becker C; Muller CS; Mannherz HG; Hannappel E
FEBS Lett 1999 Dec 24;464(1-2):14-20
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Thymosin Beta 4 Accelerates Wound Healing.
Malinda KM; Sidhu GS; Mani H; Banaudha K; Maheshwari RK; Goldstein AL; Kleinman HK
J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Sep;113(3):364-8.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Malinda KM, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK.
FASEB J. 11, 474-481. (1997)
Link to Abstract

Matrigel induces thymosin β4 gene in differentiating endothelial cells
Grant DS, Kinsella JL, Kibbey MC, LaFlamme S, Burbelo PD, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK.
J. Cell Sci. 108, 3685-3694. (1995)
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Thymosin β4 (Fx peptide) is a potent regulatory of actin polymerization in living cells
Sanders MC, Goldstein AL, Wang YL.
Proc. Natl. Acad. of Sci., U.S.A., 89, 4678-4682. (1992)
Link to Abstract