Interleukin-18-mediated interferon-gamma secretion is regulated by thymosin beta 4 in human NK cells.
Lee HR, Yoon SY, Song SB, Park Y, Kim TS, Kim S, Hur DY, Song HK, Park H, Cho D.
Immunobiology. 2011 Apr 13. PMID: 21742406 [Epub ahead of print]
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β(4) knockdown disrupts mitochondrial functions of SW480 human colon cancer cells.
Tang MC, Su Y.
Cancer Sci. 2011 Jun 10. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02002.x. PMID: 21668580 [Epub ahead of print]
Link to Abstract

De novo cardiomyocytes from within the activated adult heart after injury.
Smart N, Bollini S, Dubé KN, Vieira JM, Zhou B, Davidson S, Yellon D, Riegler J, Price AN, Lythgoe MF, Pu WT, Riley PR.
Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7353):640-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10188.
PMID: 21654746
Link to Abstract

Striking neuronal thymosin beta 4 expression in the deep layers of the mouse superior colliculus after monocular deprivation.
Paulussen M, Arckens L.
Brain Struct Funct. 2011 May 31. PMID: 21626305 [Epub ahead of print]
Link to Abstract

Thymosin {beta}4 inhibits TNF-{alpha}-induced NF-{kappa}B activation, IL-8 expression, and the sensitizing effects by its partners PINCH-1 and ILK.
Qiu P, Wheater MK, Qiu Y, Sosne G.
FASEB J. 2011 Jun;25(6):1815-26.
PMID: 21343177
Link to Abstract

Markers of progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation rise early during ischemia and continue during resuscitation in a porcine acute ischemia model.
Shah AP, Youngquist ST, McClung CD, Tzvetkova E, Hanif MA, Rosborough JP, Niemann JT.
J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2011 Jun;31(6):509-13.
PMID: 21332365
Link to Abstract

β-Thymosins and interstitial lung disease: study of a scleroderma cohort with a one-year follow-up.
De Santis M, Inzitari R, Bosello SL, Peluso G, Fanali C, Iavarone F, Zizzo G, Bocci M, Cabras T, Messana I, Fuso L, Varone F, Pagliari G, Castagnola M, Ferraccioli G.
Respir Res. 2011 Feb 11;12:22.
PMID: 21314931
Link to Abstract

Regenerative protein thymosin beta-4 is a novel regulator of purinergic signaling.
Freeman KW, Bowman BR, Zetter BR.
FASEB J. 2011 Mar;25(3):907-15.
PMID: 21106936
Link to Abstract

Muscle injury-induced thymosin β4 acts as a chemoattractant for myoblasts.
Tokura Y, Nakayama Y, Fukada S, Nara N, Yamamoto H, Matsuda R, Hara T.
J Biochem. 2011 Jan;149(1):43-8. Epub 2010 Sep 29.
PMID: 20880960
Link to Abstract

Treatment of traumatic brain injury with thymosin β₄ in rats.
Xiong Y, Mahmood A, Meng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZG, Morris DC, Chopp M.
J Neurosurg. 2011 Jan;114(1):102-15.
PMID: 20486893
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta 4 enhances repair by organizing connective tissue and preventing appearance of myofibroblasts.
Erlich et.al.
Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 2010 1194:118-124.

Evaluation of skeletal and cardiac muscle function after chronic administration of thymosin beta-4 in the dystrophin deficient mouse.
Spurney CF, Cha HJ, Sali A, Pandey GS, Pistilli E, Guerron AD, Gordish-Dressman H, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K.
PLoS One. 2010 Jan 29;5(1):e8976.
PMID: 20126456
Link to Abstract

Treatment of chronic nonhealing neurotrophic corneal epithelial defects with thymosin beta 4.
Dunn SP, Heidemann DG, Chow CY, Crockford D, Turjman N, Angel J, Allan CB, Sosne G.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2010 May;128(5):636-8. No abstract available.
PMID: 20457990
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 improves functional neurological outcome in a rat model of embolic stroke.
Morris DC, Chopp M, Zhang L, Lu M, Zhang ZG.
Neuroscience. 2010 Aug 25;169(2):674-82.
PMID: 20627173
Link to Abstract

The effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers.
Guarnera G, DeRosa A, Camerini R; 8 European sites.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Apr;1194:207-12.
PMID: 20536470
Link to Abstract

A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers.
Ruff D, Crockford D, Girardi G, Zhang Y.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Apr;1194:223-9.
PMID: 20536472
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 enhances repair by organizing connective tissue and preventing the appearance of myofibroblasts.
Ehrlich HP, Hazard SW 3rd.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Apr;1194:118-24.
PMID: 20536458
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4: a key factor for protective effects of eEPCs in acute and chronic ischemia.
Hinkel R, Bock-Marquette I, Hatzopoulos AK, Kupatt C.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Apr;1194:105-11. Erratum in: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Sep;1205(1):284. Hazopoulos, Antonis K [corrected to Hatzopoulos, Antonis K].
PMID: 20536456
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 facilitates epicardial neovascularization of the injured adult heart.
Smart N, Risebro CA, Clark JE, Ehler E, Miquerol L, Rossdeutsch A, Marber MS, Riley PR.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Apr;1194:97-104.
PMID: 20536455
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 and cardiac repair.
Shrivastava S, Srivastava D, Olson EN, DiMaio JM, Bock-Marquette I.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Apr;1194:87-96.
PMID: 20536454
Link to Abstract

Thymosin-beta4 attenuates ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in cultured cerebral cortical astrocytes by inhibiting apoptosis.
Yang H, Cui GB, Jiao XY, Wang J, Ju G, You SW.
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Jan;30(1):149-60. Epub 2009 Aug 18.
PMID: 19688260
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta-4 directs cell fate determination of human mesenchymal stem cells through biophysical effects.
Ho JH, Ma WH, Su Y, Tseng KC, Kuo TK, Lee OK.
J Orthop Res. 2010 Jan;28(1):131-8. PMID: 19637215
Link to Abstract

Biological activities of thymosin {beta}4 defined by active sites in short peptide sequences.
Sosne G, Qiu P, Goldstein AL, Wheater M.
FASEB J. 2010 24:2144-51.
Link to Abstract

Reversal of second-hand cigarette smoke-induced impairment of corneal wound healing by thymosin beta4 combined with anti-inflammatory agents.
Yuan H, Ma C, Moinet L, Sato N, Martins-Green M.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 May;51(5):2424-35. Epub 2009 Dec 17.PMID: 20019366 [Epub ahead of print]
Link to Abstract

Serum thymosin beta4 levels in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure.
Han T, Liu Y, Liu H, Zhu ZY, Li Y, Xiao SX, Guo Z, Zhao ZG.
World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Feb 7;16(5):625-30.PMID: 20128033 [Epub ahead of print]
Link to Abstract

Neurological functional recovery after thymosin beta4 treatment in mice with experimental auto encephalomyelitis.
Zhang J, Zhang ZG, Morris D, Li Y, Roberts C, Elias SB, Chopp M.
Neuroscience. 2009 Dec 29;164(4):1887-93. Epub 2009 Sep 25.PMID: 19782721 [Epub ahead of print]
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 induces epicardium-derived neovascularization in the adult heart.
Riley PR, Smart N.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2009 Dec;37(Pt 6):1218-20.PMID: 19909250 [Epub ahead of print]
Link to Abstract

HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of oral human fluids reveals that gingival crevicular fluid is the main source of oral thymosins beta(4) and beta(10).
Inzitari R, Cabras T, Pisano E, Fanali C, Manconi B, Scarano E, Fiorita A, Paludetti G, Manni A, Nemolato S, Faa G, Castagnola M, Messana I.
J Sep Sci. 2009;32(1):57-63.
Link to Abstract

The beta-thymosins: intracellular and extracellular activities of a versatile actin binding protein family.
Mannherz HG, Hannappel E.
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2009 Oct;66(10):839-51. Review.
PMID: 19405116
Link to Abstract

Exogenous thymosin beta4 prevents apoptosis in human intervertebral annulus cells in vitro.
Tapp H, Deepe R, Ingram JA, Yarmola EG, Bubb MR, Hanley EN Jr, Gruber HE.
Biotech Histochem. 2009 Dec;84(6):287-94.
PMID: 20055734
Link to Abstract

The beta-thymosins: intracellular and extracellular activities of a versatile actin binding protein family.
Mannherz HG, Hannappel E.
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2009 Oct;66(10):839-51. Review.
PMID: 19405116
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 mediated PKC activation is essential to initiate the embryonic coronary developmental program and epicardial progenitor cell activation in adult mice in vivo.
Bock-Marquette I, Shrivastava S, Pipes GC, Thatcher JE, Blystone A, Shelton JM, Galindo CL, Melegh B, Srivastava D, Olson EN, DiMaio JM.
J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009 May;46(5):728-38.
PMID: 19358334
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 induces endothelial progenitor cell migration via PI3K/Akt/eNOS signal transduction pathway.
Qiu FY, Song XX, Zheng H, Zhao YB, Fu GS.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2009 Mar;53(3):209-14.
PMID: 19247195
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta4 is cytoprotective in human gingival fibroblasts.
Reti R, Kwon E, Qiu P, Wheater M, Sosne G.
Eur J Oral Sci. 2008 Oct;116(5):424-30.
Link to Abstract

Expression of laminin 5 in rat skin wounds regulated by recombinant thymosin beta-4.
Li Y, Wang G, Yu H, Yang X, Xu S, Nie L, Che Y.
2008 Nov;22(11):1306-10. Chinese.
Link to Abstract

The Promotive Effects of Thymosin β4 on Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth by Upregulating L1 Expression.
Yang H, Cheng X, Yao Q, Li J, Ju G.
Neurochem Res. 2008 Nov;33(11):2269-80.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 and AC-SDKP: Tools to mend a broken heart.
Rossdeutsch A, Smart N, Riley PR
J Mol Med 2008 86:29-35.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta-4 is cytoprotective in human gingival fibroblasts.
Robert Reti, Edwin Kwon, Pin Qiu, Michelle Wheater, Gabriel Sosne
Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116: 424–430.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta-4 is involved in stabilin-2-mediated apoptotic cell engulfment.
Lee SJ, So IS, Park SY, Kim IS.
FEBS Lett. 2008 Jun 25;582(15):2161-6.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta-4 up-regulates anti-oxidative enzymes and protects human cornea epithelial cells against oxidative damage.
Jennifer Ho, Kuang-Ching Tseng, Wei-Hsien Ma, Ko-Hua Chen, Oscar Lee and Yeu Su
Br. J. Ophthalmol.2008 Jul;92(7):992-7.
Link to Abstract

Ku80 as a Novel Receptor for Thymosin β4 That Mediates Its Intracellular Activity Different from G-actin Sequestering.
Radoslaw Bednarek, Joanna Boncela, Katarzyna Smolarczyk, Aleksandra Cierniewska-Cieslak, Elzbieta Wyroba, and Czeslaw S. Cierniewski
JBC 2008 Vol 283, No. 3, pp. 1534–1544.
Link to Abstract

Widely Distributed Residues in Thymosin β4 Are Critical for Actin Binding.
Joshua K. Au, Adrian O. Olivares, Arnon Henn, Wenxiang Cao, Daniel Safer, and Enrique M. De La Cruz
Biochemistry 2008 Vol 47, pp. 4181-4188.
Link to Abstract

The Promotive Effects of Thymosin β4 on Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth by Upregulating L1 Expression.
Yang H, Cheng X, Yao Q, Li J, Ju G.
Neurochem Research, May 7, 2008.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 is an essential paracrine factor of embryonic endothelial progenitor cell-mediated cardioprotection.
Hinkel R, El-Aouni C, Olson T, Horstkotte J, Mayer S, Müller S, Willhauck M, Spitzweg C, Gildehaus FJ, Münzing W, Hannappel E, Bock-Marquette I, DiMaio JM, Hatzopoulos AK, Boekstegers P, Kupatt C.
Circulation. 2008 Apr 29;117(17):2232-40. Epub 2008 Apr 21.
Link to Abstract

Embryonic endothelial progenitor cell-mediated cardioprotection requires Thymosin beta4.
Kupatt C, Bock-Marquette I, Boekstegers P.
Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2008 Aug;18(6):205-10. Review.
PMID: 19185810
Link to Abstract

Differential expression in lung and bronchial lymph node of pigs with high and low responses to infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.
Bates JS, Petry DB, Eudy J, Bough L, Johnson RK.
J Anim Sci. 2008 Dec;86(12):3279-89.
PMID: 18641179
Link to Abstract

Neuroprotective effects of thymosin beta 4 in experimental models of excitotoxicity.
Popoli P et. al.
Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1112, 219-224. (2007)
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 induces adult epicardial progenitor mobilization and neovascularization.
Smart N et. al.
Nature 445, 177-182. (2007)
Link to Abstract

Recombinant thymosin beta 4 can promote full-thickness cutaneous wound healing.
Li X, Zheng L, Peng F, Qi C, Zhang X, Zhou A, Liu Z, Wu S.
Protein Expr Purif. 2007 Dec;56(2):229-36.
PMID: 17923415
Link to Abstract

Ocular surface expression and in vitro activity of antimicrobial peptides.
Huang LC, Jean D, Proske RJ, Reins RY, McDermott AM.
Curr Eye Res. 2007 Jul-Aug;32(7-8):595-609.
PMID: 17852183
Link to Abstract

Neuroprotective function of thymosin-beta and its derivative peptides on the programmed cell death of chick and rat neurons.
Choi SY, Noh MR, Kim DK, Sun W, Kim H.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Oct 26;362(3):587-93. Epub 2007 Aug 10.
PMID: 17716628
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues
Allan L. Goldstein, Ewald Hannappe, and Hynda K. Kleinman
Trends Mol Med. 2005 Sep; 11(9):421-9
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 Modulates Corneal Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels and Polymorphonuclear Cell Infiltration after Alkali Injury
Gabriel Sosne, Patricia L. Christopherson, Ronald P. Barret, and Rafael Fridman
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Jul; 46(7):2388-95
Link to Abstract

Phylogenetic analysis and developmental expression of thymosin-β4 gene in amphioxus.
Huang X, Zhang W, Zhang H
Dev Genes Evol. 2005 Jul; 215(7):364-8. Epub 2005 Mar 24.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair.
Bock-Marquette I, Saxena A, White MD, DiMaio JM, Srivastava D.
NATURE. 2004 NOV 25;432(7016):466-72.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta 4 stimulates laminin-5 production independent of TGF-beta
Gabriel Sosne, Lihua Xu, Lisa Prach, Linda K. Mrock, Hynda K. Kleinman, John J. Letterio, Linda D. Hazlett, and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater
Experimental Cell Research 293 (2004),178-183
Link to Abstract

Factor XIIIa incorporates Thymosin β4 Preferentially into the Fibrin(ogen) αC-Domains†
Evgeny Makogonenko, Allan L. Goldstein, Paul D. Bishop and Leonid Medved
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2004 Vol. 43, Issue 33, pages 10748-10756
Link to Abstract

Thymosin-β4 Inhibits Corneal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis after Ethanol Exposure In Vitro
Gabriel Sosne, Atif Siddiqi and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater
INVST OPTHALMOL VIS SCI, 2004;45:1095-1100
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice
Deborah Philp, PhD, Mahnaz Badamchian, PhD, Brooke Schermeta, Mychi Nguyen, Allan L. Goldstein, PhD., Hynda K. Kleinman, PhD.
WOUND REP REG, 2003;19-24
Link to Abstract

Thymosin beta(4) reduces lethality and down-regulates inflammatory mediators in endotoxin-induced septic shock.
Badamchian M, Fagarasan MO, Danner RL, Suffredini AF, Damavandy H, Goldstein AL.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2003 Aug;3(8):1225-33.
PMID: 12860178 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 Promotes Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Migration
Gabriel Sosne, Saif Hafeez, Albert L. Greenberry, and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater
Curr Eye Res. 2002 Apr;24(4):268-73.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 is released from human blood platelets and attached by factor XIIIa (transglutaminase) to fibrin and collagen
Thomas Huff, Angela M. Otto, Christian S.G. Müller, Markus Meier, and Ewald Hannapel
FASEB J. 16, 691-696 (2002)
Link to Abstract

Thymosin Beta 4 Promotes Corneal Wound Healing and Decreases Inflammation in Vivo Following Alkali Injury
Gabriel Sosne, Elizabeth A. Szliter, Ronald Barrett, Karen A. Kernacki, Hynda Kleinman, Linda D. Hazlett
Exp Eye Res. 2002 Feb;74(2):293-9.
Link to Abstract

β-Thymosins, small acetic peptides with multiple functions
Thomas Huff et al.
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 33, 205-220. (2001)
Link to Abstract

Thymosin Beta 4 Promotes Corneal Wound Healing and Modulates Inflammatory Mediators in vivo
Sosne G, Chan CC, Thai K, Kennedy M, Szliter EA, Hazlett LD, Kleinman HK
Exp Eye Res. 2001 May;72(5):605-8.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin Beta(4) Serves as a Glutaminyl Substrate of Transglutaminase. Labeling with Fluorescent Dansylcadaverine Does Not Abolish Interaction with G-actin.
Huff T; Ballweber E; Humeny A; Bonk T; Becker C; Muller CS; Mannherz HG; Hannappel E
FEBS Lett 1999 Dec 24;464(1-2):14-20
Link to Abstract

Thymosin Beta 4 Accelerates Wound Healing.
Malinda KM; Sidhu GS; Mani H; Banaudha K; Maheshwari RK; Goldstein AL; Kleinman HK
J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Sep;113(3):364-8.
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Malinda KM, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK.
FASEB J. 11, 474-481. (1997)
Link to Abstract

Matrigel induces thymosin β4 gene in differentiating endothelial cells
Grant DS, Kinsella JL, Kibbey MC, LaFlamme S, Burbelo PD, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK.
J. Cell Sci. 108, 3685-3694. (1995)
Link to Abstract

Thymosin β4 (Fx peptide) is a potent regulatory of actin polymerization in living cells
Sanders MC, Goldstein AL, Wang YL.
Proc. Natl. Acad. of Sci., U.S.A., 89, 4678-4682. (1992)
Link to Abstract