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Publications
HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of oral human fluids reveals that gingival crevicular fluid is the main source of oral thymosins beta(4) and beta(10).
Inzitari R, Cabras T, Pisano E, Fanali C, Manconi B, Scarano E, Fiorita A, Paludetti G, Manni A, Nemolato S, Faa G, Castagnola M, Messana I. J Sep Sci. 2009;32(1):57-63.  Link to Abstract
Thymosin beta4 is cytoprotective in human gingival fibroblasts.
Reti R, Kwon E, Qiu P, Wheater M, Sosne G. Eur J Oral Sci. 2008 Oct;116(5):424-30. Link to Abstract
Expression of laminin 5 in rat skin wounds regulated by recombinant thymosin beta-4.
Li Y, Wang G, Yu H, Yang X, Xu S, Nie L, Che Y. 2008 Nov;22(11):1306-10. Chinese. Link to Abstract
Thymosin beta-4 is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and stimulates proinflammatory cytokine secretion and JNK activation.
Yuqing Zhang, Louis W. Feurino, Qihui Zhai, Hao Wang, William E. Fisher, Changyi Chen, Qizhi Yao, and Min Li Cancer Biology & Therapy 7:3, 1-5; March 2008. Link to Abstract
The Promotive Effects of Thymosin β4 on Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth by Upregulating L1 Expression.
Yang H, Cheng X, Yao Q, Li J, Ju G. Neurochem Res. 2008 Nov;33(11):2269-80. Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 and AC-SDKP: Tools to mend a broken heart.
Rossdeutsch A, Smart N, Riley PR J Mol Med 2008 86:29-35. Link to Abstract
Thymosin beta-4 is cytoprotective in human gingival fibroblasts.
Robert Reti, Edwin Kwon, Pin Qiu, Michelle Wheater, Gabriel Sosne Eur J Oral Sci 2008; 116: 424–430. Link to Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1a stabilization by actin-sequestering protein, thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) in Hela cervical tumor cells.
Oh JM, Ryoo IJ, Yang Y, Kim HS, Yang KH, Moon EY Cancer Lett. 2008 Jun 8;264(1):29-35. Link to Abstract
Thymosin beta-4 is involved in stabilin-2-mediated apoptotic cell engulfment.
Lee SJ, So IS, Park SY, Kim IS. FEBS Lett. 2008 Jun 25;582(15):2161-6. Link to Abstract
Thymosin beta-4 up-regulates anti-oxidative enzymes and protects human cornea epithelial cells against oxidative damage.
Jennifer Ho, Kuang-Ching Tseng, Wei-Hsien Ma, Ko-Hua Chen, Oscar Lee and Yeu Su Br. J. Ophthalmol.2008 Jul;92(7):992-7. Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 Is an Essential Paracrine Factor of Embryonic Endothelial Progenitor Cell–Mediated Cardioprotection.
Hinkel R, El-Aouni C, Olson T, Horstkotte J, Mayer S, Müller S, Willhauck M, Spitzweg C, Gildehaus FJ, Münzing W, Hannappel E, Bock-Marquette I, DiMaio JM, Hatzopoulos AK, Boekstegers P, Kupatt C. Circulation. 2008;117:2232-2240. Link to Abstract
Ku80 as a Novel Receptor for Thymosin β4 That Mediates Its Intracellular Activity Different from G-actin Sequestering.
Radoslaw Bednarek, Joanna Boncela, Katarzyna Smolarczyk, Aleksandra Cierniewska-Cieslak, Elzbieta Wyroba, and Czeslaw S. Cierniewski JBC 2008 Vol 283, No. 3, pp. 1534–1544. Link to Abstract
Widely Distributed Residues in Thymosin β4 Are Critical for Actin Binding.
Joshua K. Au, Adrian O. Olivares, Arnon Henn, Wenxiang Cao, Daniel Safer, and Enrique M. De La Cruz Biochemistry 2008 Vol 47, pp. 4181-4188. Link to Abstract
The Promotive Effects of Thymosin β4 on Neuronal Survival and Neurite Outgrowth by Upregulating L1 Expression.
Yang H, Cheng X, Yao Q, Li J, Ju G. Neurochem Research, May 7, 2008. Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 is an essential paracrine factor of embryonic endothelial progenitor cell-mediated cardioprotection.
Hinkel R, El-Aouni C, Olson T, Horstkotte J, Mayer S, Müller S, Willhauck M, Spitzweg C, Gildehaus FJ, Münzing W, Hannappel E, Bock-Marquette I, DiMaio JM, Hatzopoulos AK, Boekstegers P, Kupatt C. Circulation. 2008 Apr 29;117(17):2232-40. Epub 2008 Apr 21. Link to Abstract
Abstract 698: Cardioprotective potential of TB4 after ischemia/reperfusion in preclinical pig model.
Hinkel P et. al. AHA, George E Brown Memorial Lecture, (2007)
Neuroprotective effects of thymosin beta 4 in experimental models of excitotoxicity.
Popoli P et. al. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1112, 219-224. (2007) Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 induces adult epicardial progenitor mobilization and neovascularization.
Smart N et. al. Nature 445, 177-182. (2007) Link to Abstract
Proteinase and Growth Factor Alterations Revealed by Gene Microarray Analysis of Human Diabetic Corneas
Mehrnoosh Saghizadeh, 1, 2 Andrei A. Kramerov, 1 Jian Tajbakhsh, 2 Annette M. Aoki, 1 Charles Wang, 2,3 Ning-Ning Chai, 3 Julia Y. Ljubimova, 4 Takako Sasaki, 5 Gabriel Sosne,6 Marc R. J. Carlson,2 Stanley F. Nelson,2 and Alexander V. Ljubimov1,2 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Oct; 46(10):3604-15 1Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, 3Research Institute Microarray Core, and 4Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; 2David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 5Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany; and 6Departments of Ophthalmology, and Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues
Allan L. Goldstein,1 Ewald Hannappel,2, and Hynda K. Kleinman3 Trends Mol Med. 2005 Sep; 11(9):421-9 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I. Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA 2Universitat Erlangen, Inst. f. Biochemie, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany 3Cell Biology Section, NIDCR, NIH, Bldg. 30, Room 433, 30 Convent Drive, MSC-4370, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 Modulates Corneal Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels and Polymorphonuclear Cell Infiltration after Alkali Injury
Gabriel Sosne,1, 2 Patricia L. Christopherson,1 Ronald P. Barret,2 and Rafael Fridman3 Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Jul; 46(7):2388-95 1Department of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute,Detroit, Michigan; and the Departments of 2Anatomy and Cell Biology and 3Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. Link to Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis and developmental expression of thymosin-β4 gene in amphioxus.
Huang X1, Zhang W1, Zhang H1 Dev Genes Evol. 2005 Jul; 215(7):364-8. Epub 2005 Mar 24. (1) Department of Biology, Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair.
Bock-Marquette I, Saxena A, White MD, DiMaio JM, Srivastava D. NATURE. 2004 NOV 25;432(7016):466-72. Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA. Link to Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 stimulates laminin-5 production independent of TGF-beta
Gabriel Sosne,a,b, Lihua Xu,a Lisa Prach,a Linda K. Mrock,a Hynda K. Kleinman,c John J. Letterio,d Linda D. Hazlett,a and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheatera Experimental Cell Research 293 (2004),178-183 aDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA bDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA cNIDCR/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA dNCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Link to Abstract
Factor XIIIa incorporates Thymosin β4 Preferentially into the Fibrin(ogen) αC-Domains†
Evgeny Makogonenko,‡ Allan L. Goldstein,§ Paul D. Bishop,װ and Leonid Medved*,‡, § AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2004 Vol. 43, Issue 33, pages 10748-10756 Biochemistry Department, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Services, Washington, D.C. and ZymoGenetics, Inc. Seattle, Washington Link to Abstract
Thymosin-β4 Inhibits Corneal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis after Ethanol Exposure In Vitro
Gabriel Sosne,1,2 Atif Siddiqi,1 and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater1 INVST OPTHALMOL VIS SCI, 2004;45:1095-1100 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology 2Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice
Deborah Philp, PhD, Mahnaz Badamchian, PhD, Brooke Schermeta, Mychi Nguyen, Allan L. Goldstein, PhD., Hynda K. Kleinman, PhD. WOUND REP REG, 2003;19-24 Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 Promotes Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Migration
Gabriel Sosne1,2 , Saif Hafeez2, Albert L. Greenberry2, and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater2 Curr Eye Res. 2002 Apr;24(4):268-73. 1 Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, MI, USA 2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI USA 2002 Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 is released from human blood platelets and attached by factor XIIIa (transglutaminase) to fibrin and collagen
Thomas Huff, Angela M. Otto, Christian S.G. Müller, Markus Meier, and Ewald Hannapel FASEB J. 16, 691-696 (2002) 1Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany Link to Abstract
Thymosin Beta 4 Promotes Corneal Wound Healing and Decreases Inflammation in Vivo Following Alkali Injury
Gabriel Sosnea, Elizabeth A. Szliterb, Ronald Barrettb, Karen A. Kernackib, Hynda Kleinmanc, Linda D. Hazlettb Exp Eye Res. 2002 Feb;74(2):293-9. aEye Care Services Department, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, U.S.A. bDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, U.S.A. cLaboratory of Developmental Biology, National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A. Link to Abstract
β-Thymosins, small acetic peptides with multiple functions
Thomas Huff et al. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 33, 205-220. (2001) Link to Abstract
Thymosin Beta 4 Promotes Corneal Wound Healing and Modulates Inflammatory Mediators in vivo
Sosne G, Chan CC, Thai K, Kennedy M, Szliter EA, Hazlett LD, Kleinman HK Exp Eye Res. 2001 May;72(5):605-8. Link to Abstract
Thymosin Beta(4) Serves as a Glutaminyl Substrate of Transglutaminase. Labeling with Fluorescent Dansylcadaverine Does Not Abolish Interaction with G-actin.
Huff T; Ballweber E; Humeny A; Bonk T; Becker C; Muller CS; Mannherz HG; Hannappel E FEBS Lett 1999 Dec 24;464(1-2):14-20 Link to Abstract
Thymosin Beta 4 Accelerates Wound Healing.
Malinda KM; Sidhu GS; Mani H; Banaudha K; Maheshwari RK; Goldstein AL; Kleinman HK J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Sep;113(3):364-8. Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Malinda KM, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK. FASEB J. 11, 474-481. (1997) Link to Abstract
Matrigel induces thymosin β4 gene in differentiating endothelial cells
Grant DS, Kinsella JL, Kibbey MC, LaFlamme S, Burbelo PD, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK. J. Cell Sci. 108, 3685-3694. (1995) Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Fx peptide) is a potent regulatory of actin polymerization in living cells
Sanders MC, Goldstein AL, Wang YL. Proc. Natl. Acad. of Sci., U.S.A., 89, 4678-4682. (1992) Link to Abstract |