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Tβ4 Peptide Research
Thymosin Beta 4 is a naturally occurring peptide. It is found in high concentrations in blood platelets, wound fluid and other tissues in the body. Tβ4 is not a growth factor; rather, it is a major actin regulating peptide. Tβ4 has been found to play an important role in protection, regeneration and remodeling of injured or damaged tissues. The gene for Tβ4 has also been found to be one of the first to be upregulated after a wound occurs.
Numerous preclinical studies have indicated multiple biologic activities for Tβ4, specific to different tissues types. The references for information in the table below can be found by clicking on ref and under Publications in this website.
| Reduces Inflammation ref |
Dermis, Myocardium, Cornea |
Down regulates inflammatory cytokines and nuclear transcription factor NFkB |
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β-Thymosins, small acetic peptides with multiple functions
Thomas Huff et al.
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 33, 205-220. (2001)
 Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 Promotes Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cell Migration
Gabriel Sosne1,2 , Saif Hafeez2, Albert L. Greenberry2, and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater2
Curr Eye Res. 2002 Apr;24(4):268-73.
1 Kresge Eye Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
2 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI USA 2002
Link to Abstract
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| Accelerates collagen deposition and up-regulates laminin-5 production ref |
Dermis |
Unknown |
Close [X]
β-Thymosins, small acetic peptides with multiple functions
Thomas Huff et al.
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 33, 205-220. (2001)
Link to Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 stimulates laminin-5 production independent of TGF-beta
Gabriel Sosne,a,b, Lihua Xu,a Lisa Prach,a Linda K. Mrock,a Hynda K. Kleinman,c John J. Letterio,d Linda D. Hazlett,a and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheatera
Experimental Cell Research 293 (2004),178-183
aDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
bDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
cNIDCR/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
dNCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Link to Abstract
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| Prevents apoptosis and promotes cell survival ref |
Dermis, Myocardium |
Unknown |
Close [X]
Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair.
Bock-Marquette I, Saxena A, White MD, DiMaio JM, Srivastava D.
NATURE. 2004 NOV 25;432(7016):466-72.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA.
Link to Abstract
Thymosin-β4 Inhibits Corneal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis after Ethanol Exposure In Vitro
Gabriel Sosne,1,2 Atif Siddiqi,1 and Michelle Kurpakus-Wheater1
INVST OPTHALMOL VIS SCI, 2004;45:1095-1100
1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
2Ophthalmology, Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
Link to Abstract
Neuroprotective effects of thymosin beta 4 in experimental models of excitotoxicty.
Popoli P et. al.
Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1112, 219-224. (2007)
Link to Abstract
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Promotes angiogenesis and stem cell
differentiation ref |
Dermis, Myocardium |
Up -regulates AkT survival kinase |
Close [X]
Matrigel induces thymosin β4 gene in differentiating endothelial cells
Grant DS et. al.
J. Cell Sci. 108, 3685-3694. (1995)
Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 accelerates wound healing
Malinda KM et al.
J. Invest. Dermatol. 113, 364-8. (1999)
Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair.
Bock-Marquette I, Saxena A, White MD, DiMaio JM, Srivastava D.
NATURE. 2004 NOV 25;432(7016):466-72.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9148, USA.
Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 induces adult epicardial progenitor mobilization and neovascularization.
Smart N et. al.
Nature 445, 177-182. (2007)
Link to Abstract
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| Promotes cell migration ref |
Dermis, Myocardium, Cornea |
Regulates F and G actins |
Close [X]
β-Thymosins, small acetic peptides with multiple functions
Thomas Huff et al.
Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 33, 205-220. (2001)
Link to Abstract
Matrigel induces thymosin β4 gene in differentiating endothelial cells
Grant DS et. al.
J. Cell Sci. 108, 3685-3694.
(1995)
Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Fx peptide) is a potent regulatory of actin polymerization in living cells
Sanders MC et al.
Proc. Natl. Acad. of Sci., U.S.A., 89, 4678-4682.
(1992)
Link to Abstract
Thymosin β4 stimulates directional migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Malinda KM et al.
FASEB J. 11, 474-481. (1997)
Link to Abstract
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